what is the history of enforced disappearances in Pakistan?

 Enforced disappearances have been a longstanding issue in Pakistan, with the practice originating during the military dictatorship of General Pervez Musharraf from 1999 to 2008

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. The practice continued during subsequent governments, and the victims of enforced disappearances are often from marginalized sections of society

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. The groups and individuals targeted in enforced disappearances in Pakistan include people from Sindhi, Baloch, Pashtun ethnicities, the Shia community, political activists, human rights defenders, members and supporters of religious and nationalist groups, suspected members of armed groups, and proscribed religious and political organizations

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 The role of Pakistani security forces in enforced disappearances is to carry out secret detentions and enforced disappearances, which is a violation of international law and human rights

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. Despite the pledges of successive governments to criminalize the practice, there has been slow movement on legislation while people continue to be forcibly disappeared with impunity

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The government has been criticized for not doing enough to end enforced disappearances, and human rights organizations have urged the government to investigate, prosecute, and punish any such violation

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